在Visual Basic(VB)中访问串口,你可以使用Windows API函数,或者使用.NET Framework中的System.IO.Ports命名空间。以下是如何使用这两种方法访问串口的基本步骤:
使用Windows API
1. 声明所需的API函数:
你需要使用`CreateFile`、`ReadFile`、`WriteFile`和`CloseHandle`等函数。
2. 打开串口:
使用`CreateFile`函数打开串口。
3. 配置串口:
使用`SetCommState`函数设置串口的波特率、数据位、停止位等。
4. 读写串口:
使用`ReadFile`和`WriteFile`函数进行读写操作。
5. 关闭串口:
使用`CloseHandle`函数关闭串口。
以下是一个简单的示例代码:
```vb
Imports System.Runtime.InteropServices
Public Class SerialPortExample
Private Declare Function CreateFile Lib "kernel32" _
Alias "CreateFileA" (ByVal lpFileName As String, _
ByVal dwDesiredAccess As Integer, _
ByVal dwShareMode As Integer, _
ByVal lpSecurityAttributes As IntPtr, _
ByVal dwCreationDisposition As Integer, _
ByVal dwFlagsAndAttributes As Integer, _
ByVal hTemplateFile As IntPtr) As IntPtr
Private Declare Function SetCommState Lib "kernel32" (ByVal hSerialHandle As IntPtr, ByRef lpCommState As SERIAL_PORT_CONFIG 结构体) As Boolean
Private Declare Function ReadFile Lib "kernel32" (ByVal hFile As IntPtr, ByVal lpBuffer As Byte(), ByVal nNumberOfBytesToRead As Integer, ByRef lpNumberOfBytesRead As Integer, ByVal lpOverlapped As IntPtr) As Boolean
Private Declare Function WriteFile Lib "kernel32" (ByVal hFile As IntPtr, ByVal lpBuffer As Byte(), ByVal nNumberOfBytesToWrite As Integer, ByRef lpNumberOfBytesWritten As Integer, ByVal lpOverlapped As IntPtr) As Boolean
Private Declare Function CloseHandle Lib "kernel32" (ByVal hObject As IntPtr) As Boolean
Private Structure SERIAL_PORT_CONFIG
Public dwDCBLength As Integer
Public bStopBits As Byte
Public bParity As Byte
Public bDataBits As Byte
Public dwBaudRate As Integer
' 其他串口配置...
End Structure
Private Sub OpenSerialPort()
' 打开串口
Dim hSerialPort As IntPtr = CreateFile("COM1", &H80000000, 0, IntPtr.Zero, 3, 0, IntPtr.Zero)
If hSerialPort <> IntPtr.Zero Then
' 设置串口配置
Dim spConfig As SERIAL_PORT_CONFIG
spConfig.dwDCBLength = Marshal.SizeOf(GetType(SERIAL_PORT_CONFIG))
spConfig.bDataBits = 8
spConfig.bStopBits = 1
spConfig.bParity = 0
spConfig.dwBaudRate = 9600
SetCommState(hSerialPort, spConfig)
' 读写串口
' ...
' 关闭串口
CloseHandle(hSerialPort)
End If
End Sub
End Class
```
使用.NET Framework的System.IO.Ports
1. 创建SerialPort对象:
使用`System.IO.Ports.SerialPort`类创建一个串口对象。
2. 打开串口:
使用`Open`方法打开串口。
3. 配置串口:
使用`BaudRate`、`DataBits`、`StopBits`、`Parity`等属性设置串口参数。
4. 读写串口:
使用`Read`和`Write`方法进行读写操作。
5. 关闭串口:
使用`Close`方法关闭串口。
以下是一个使用System.IO.Ports的示例:
```vb
Imports System.IO.Ports
Public Class SerialPortExample
Private serialPort As New SerialPort("COM1", 9600, Parity.None, 8, StopBits.One)
Private Sub OpenSerialPort()
' 打开串口
serialPort.Open()
' 读写串口
' ...
' 关闭串口
serialPort.Close()
End Sub
End Class
```
在上述代码中,请根据你的实际需求调整串口名称(COM1、COM2等)和波特率(9600、19200等)。